Types of work performed by construction organizations

Construction and installation work is the general name for all construction work.

Construction and installation work includes a set of works performed on a construction site during the construction of buildings and structures. The end result of construction and installation work is a finished building or structure put into operation.

The work performed by construction organizations includes construction, installation work, repair work on buildings and structures, as well as other types of work performed under a construction contract and classified as construction work in accordance with the established procedure.

Construction work includes:

— work on the construction, expansion and reconstruction of permanent and temporary (title) buildings and structures and related work on the installation of reinforced concrete, metal, wood and other building structures;

— work on the installation and development of crane tracks for tower and other cranes;

— work on the construction of external and internal networks of water supply, sewerage, district heating, gasification and energy supply;

— construction of installations (structures) to protect the environment from pollution;

— work on the construction of oil pipelines, product pipelines, gas pipelines, overhead and cable power lines, communication lines (including the cost of cable or wire and cable, but without the cost of electrical equipment and fittings for high-voltage lines);

— work on the construction of bridges and embankments, road work, underwater technical, diving and other types of special work in construction;

— installation of sanitary equipment (including the cost of this equipment);

— work on the installation of foundations, foundations and support structures for equipment, on the lining and lining of boilers, furnaces and other units;

- work on the development of sites, on the preparation and planning of construction areas, including land reclamation and associated demolition of buildings, deforestation, uprooting of stumps, drainage, vertical planning, and so on;

— work on landscaping and landscaping of built-up areas, as well as towns and cities;

All types of construction work are divided into general construction, special, transport, loading and unloading.

General construction refers to work related to the construction of buildings and structures. General construction work is divided according to the type of materials processed or structural elements erected.

Earthworks include:

— digging pits, holes, trenches for strip foundations, free-standing supports, basements, underground communications;

— soil transportation — loading, removal, unloading, site leveling, stripping operations, backfilling, embankment construction, soil compaction, etc.

Piling work - installation of pile foundations, driving piles or driving piles. Stone work is the construction of walls, supports, vaults, pillars, and from piece products (brick, natural stone, large concrete blocks).

Concrete and reinforced concrete work - carried out during the construction of concrete and reinforced concrete structures, these works include preparing a concrete mixture, transportation, laying with compaction in a form (formwork), maintaining concrete - creating conditions for normal hardening; monolithic works used for monolithic joints between prefabricated elements, installation of formwork and reinforcement of monolithic sections.

Carpentry and joinery work is the delivery of finished wooden products to the workplace and the installation of rafters, windows, doors, as well as laying plank and parquet floors.

Roofing work includes covering attic roofs with steel and asbestos cement sheets and non-attic roofs with rolled materials (tar paper, glassine, roofing felt). Finishing work includes plastering, cladding, and wallpapering the walls of buildings. Special work includes laying power and telephone wires, installing sanitary equipment, installing fire-resistant masonry, anti-corrosion coatings, etc.

Preparatory work. Before construction begins, it is necessary to carry out preparatory work, these include: development of the site, engineering preparation of the site for construction, etc. Development of the site means clearing the area of ​​trees and shrubs, i.e. cutting down and uprooting rhizomes, demolishing buildings that interfere with construction , fencing the construction site.

Engineering preparation is the creation of working conditions at a construction site, i.e., connecting a road to the site, installing a temporary water supply, power supply, etc.

Temporary buildings and structures are warehouses, etc., in accordance with the construction organization project, a site is organized for receiving solution from vehicles. Building materials, for example, bricks, facing stones, slabs, are stored by type, brand, and passages are arranged between them. The interval between stacks is from 0.7 m. To ensure the lifting of building materials to various heights, hoisting vehicles are used: tower cranes, truck cranes, crawler cranes, hoists, etc.

Installation work is delivery to the workplace, installation, alignment and fastening of finished products - steel, concrete, reinforced concrete, wood, etc.

Equipment installation work includes:

- work on the assembly and installation of technological, power, lifting and transport, pumping and compressor and other equipment at the site of its permanent operation, including checking and testing the quality of installation (assembly and installation of sanitary equipment, taken into account in the cost of construction work, are classified as construction work.

— work on installation of connections to equipment (supply of water, air, steam, coolants, laying, pulling and installation of cables, electrical wires and communication wires);

— work on the installation and installation of technological metal structures, service platforms, stairs and other devices structurally connected with the equipment;

— work on insulation and painting of installed equipment and process pipelines;

Other work and costs not listed above are provided for in the price tags for equipment installation.

The scope of equipment installation work does not include:

— costs of dismantling and installation of equipment incurred during commissioning and commissioning work;

— installation and dismantling of construction machinery and mechanisms;

— work on manufacturing, pre-installation inspection, elimination of defects and damage to equipment.

Other works include:

— design and survey work (including work for the construction of future years and costs for the development of feasibility studies), carried out at the expense of capital investments, as well as supervision of design organizations, examination of projects;

— work on operational and deep exploratory drilling for oil, gas and thermal waters;

- other work not related to construction and installation work, provided for in the consolidated estimate of the cost of construction.

Assembly work is work performed using finished parts.

The objects of construction work are work on new construction, reconstruction, expansion, technical re-equipment, repair of existing enterprises, buildings and structures, as well as the production of certain types and complexes of contract work.

New construction includes the construction of a complex of facilities for the main, auxiliary and service purposes of newly created enterprises, buildings and structures, as well as branches of individual industries, which, after commissioning, will be on an independent balance sheet, carried out at new sites in order to create new production capacity.

If the construction of an enterprise or structure is planned to be carried out in queues, then new construction includes the first and subsequent phases until the commissioning of all designed capacities for the full development of the enterprise (structure).

New construction also includes the construction on a new site of an enterprise of the same or greater capacity (productivity, throughput, capacity of a building or structure) to replace a liquidated enterprise, the further operation of which, due to technical and economic conditions, is recognized as inappropriate, as well as due to the need caused by production -technological or sanitary requirements.

The expansion of existing enterprises includes the construction of additional production facilities at an existing enterprise (structure), as well as the construction of new and expansion of existing separate workshops and facilities for main, auxiliary and service purposes on the territory of existing enterprises or adjacent sites in order to create additional or new production capacities.

The expansion of existing enterprises also includes the construction of branches and production facilities that are part of them, which after commissioning will not be on an independent balance sheet.

If in the process of design study it was revealed that it is necessary and economically feasible, simultaneously with the expansion of the enterprise, to carry out the reconstruction of existing workshops and facilities of the main, auxiliary and service purposes, the corresponding work and costs are included in the enterprise expansion project, but are highlighted in a separate line in the consolidated estimate.”

When expanding an existing enterprise, an increase in its production capacity (productivity, throughput, capacity of a building or structure) should be carried out in a shorter time and at lower unit costs compared to the creation of similar capacities through new construction while simultaneously increasing the technical level and improving technical and economic indicators enterprises as a whole.

The reconstruction of existing enterprises includes the reorganization of existing workshops and facilities of the main, auxiliary and service purposes, as a rule, without expanding the existing buildings and structures of the main purpose, associated with the improvement of production and increasing its technical and economic level based on the achievements of scientific and technological progress and carried out according to a comprehensive project for the reconstruction of the enterprise as a whole in order to increase production capacity, improve quality and change the range of products, mainly without increasing the number of employees while simultaneously improving their working conditions and environmental protection.

When reconstructing existing enterprises, the following can be carried out:

— expansion of individual buildings and structures for main, auxiliary and service purposes in cases where new high-performance and more technically advanced equipment cannot be placed in existing buildings;

— construction of new and expansion of existing workshops and auxiliary and service facilities in order to eliminate imbalances;

— construction of new buildings and structures of the same purpose to replace those liquidated on the territory of an existing enterprise, the further operation of which is considered inappropriate due to technical and economic conditions.

During reconstruction the following must be provided:

— increasing the production capacity of the enterprise, primarily by eliminating disproportions in technological links;

— introduction of low-waste, waste-free technologies and flexible production;

— reduction in the number of jobs;

— increasing labor productivity;

— reduction of material intensity of production and production costs;

— increasing capital productivity and improving other technical and economic indicators of an operating enterprise.

The technical re-equipment of existing enterprises includes a set of measures to improve the technical and economic level of individual industries, workshops and sections based on the introduction of advanced equipment and technology, mechanization and automation of production, modernization and replacement of obsolete and physically worn-out equipment with new, more productive ones, as well as to improve general plant economy and support services.

Technical re-equipment of existing enterprises is carried out according to projects and estimates for individual objects or types of work, developed on the basis of a single feasibility study and in accordance with a plan for increasing the technical and economic level of the industry (sub-industry), as a rule, without expanding production areas.

The goal of technical re-equipment of existing enterprises is to fully intensify production, increase production capacity, product output and improve its quality while ensuring an increase in labor productivity and job reductions, reducing material intensity and production costs, saving material and fuel and energy resources, improving other technical and economic indicators operation of the enterprise as a whole.

During the technical re-equipment of existing enterprises, additional installation of equipment and machines can be carried out on existing production areas, the introduction of automated control and monitoring systems, the use of radio, television and other modern means in production management, modernization and technical reorganization of environmental facilities, heating and ventilation systems, and the merger of enterprises , workshops and installations to centralized sources of heat and electricity. In this case, partial reconstruction and expansion of existing industrial buildings and structures are allowed, depending on the dimensions of the new equipment being placed, and expansion of existing or construction of new facilities for auxiliary and service purposes (for example, warehouse facilities, compressor, boiler houses, oxygen and other facilities), if this is related with ongoing measures for technical re-equipment. Partial reconstruction includes strengthening of load-bearing structures, replacement of floors, changing the layout of existing buildings and structures and other measures.

The construction at existing enterprises of individual facilities that are not provided for in the design and estimate documentation for expansion, reconstruction and are not related to work related to the technical re-equipment of existing enterprises or the maintenance of existing industrial capacities, is planned and carried out as the construction of individual facilities at existing enterprises that are not part of construction sites Such facilities include individual production facilities, utility networks, warehouses, administrative and utility facilities, office and household premises, catering facilities, medical and preventive facilities, special purposes and others.