Blackpaper Verge Currency 5th edition. VERGE

1.0 Overview
The core innovation behind Bitcoin is its decentralized structure. Unlike traditional fiat currencies, 
Bitcoin has no central control, no central repository of information, no central management, and no 
central point of failure. To this point, Verge was created to bring tailored transactional applications and 
inherent privacy implementations to strengthen user obfuscation while maintaining Nakamoto’s vision 
of a decentralized electronic payment system based on cryptographic proof instead of third-party trust.
1.1 Multi-Algo PoW
Verge is a multi-algorithm enabled proof-of-work based cryptocurrency that is designed to enable people with different 
types of mining devices to have equal access to earning coins. It is one of the few cryptocurrencies to support 5 hash 
functions combined on one blockchain. This results in increased security due to a wider range of people and devices that 
can mine Verge. The 5 algorithms supported on the Verge network are: Scrypt, X17, Lyra2rev2, myr-groestl and blake2s. 
All 5 algorithms have a 30-second block target time and the difficulty is influenced only by the algorithms hash rate.
1.2 Tailored transactional applications 
Verge (XVG) was originally created based on the idea of providing end-user identity obfuscation suited for everyday use. 
We believe that every human deserves the right to privacy and with that idea in mind we pride ourselves on being able 
to provide several different available methods of transacting across the Verge network. Each method provides our users 
with a base level of obfuscation through the TOR network as well as different obfuscation options tailored for everyone’s 
specific needs. 
1.3 Simple transactions
Much like Bitcoin, the Verge network operates on a publicly facing blockchain. It is important to understand that all 
transactions are stored publicly and permanently on the blockchain. This means that anyone can see the balance and 
transactions of any Verge address. However, Verge addresses are not themselves linked to a person or entity and users 
remain pseudo-anonymous so long as different addresses are used per transaction and or until information is revealed 
during a purchase or other transactional circumstance [REF]. These styles of transactions are best suited for general 
everyday use.

1.4 Stealth transactions
Stealth transactions are primarily compromised of dual-key stealth addresses. As you will read later in this paper, stealth 
addresses are a method by which additional obfuscation can be implemented to further protect the receiving party
when transacting with Verge. This is done by requiring the payers to generate random one-time addresses for a given 
transaction. When multiple users send funds to a stealth address, rather than these transactions appearing on the 
blockchain as multiple payments to the same address, they instead appear as multiple payments going to different 
addresses. This (in theory) makes it near-impossible to link transactions to the recipient’s published address or one-time 
generated addresses. 
It is important to note that this type of transaction is designed such that the recipient of a payment can maintain their 
privacy, Stealth addresses do not provide 100% anonymity and do not protect the sender.
1.5 Anon transactions
Anon transactions use a combination of dual-key stealth addresses and RingCT (Ring Signatures and confidential 
transactions) to preserve the anonymity of both the sending and receiving parties. These concepts will be explained later 
in this paper; however, the short version is that Ring Signatures make it harder to trace transactions by obscuring the 
output of the true sender in a set of other outputs on the blockchain, confidential transactions hide the actual amounts 
being sent, and TOR hides both parties true IP addresses i.e. IP obfuscation. 
This style of transaction is best suited for those who are fully looking to maintain their personal privacy. 

Blackpaper Verge Currency 5th edition. VERGE