Chapter 1: Understanding Trade
Trade is a basic economic term, including the purchase and sale of goods
and services, the price paid to the seller by the buyer, or the exchange of
goods or services between the parties. Trade may take place among
producers and consumers within an economy. International trade allows
countries to develop markets that otherwise would not have been open to
them for both goods and services. This is why an American customer can
choose between a Japanese, German, or American vehicle. As a result of
foreign trade, there is more competition in the industry and thus more
affordable prices, taking the customer back home to a cheaper product.
Trading in capital markets refers to the acquisition and sale of shares, such
as the purchase of securities on the New York Stock Exchange floor
(NYSE)
How trade works
Trade broadly refers to transactions ranging in scope from the exchange of
baseball cards between collectors to international policies setting protocols
for imports and exports between countries. Trading is facilitated by three
main types of exchanges, regardless of the complexity of the transaction.
Free trade between countries enables customers and nations to be open to
goods and services that are not available in their own countries. On the
international market, almost any kind of product can be found: food,
clothing, spare parts, oil, jewelry, wine, stocks, currencies, and water.
Services: tourism, finance, consultancy, and transportation are also traded.
An export is a good or service that is sold on the world market, and an
import is a product that is purchased on the world market. In a country's
current account, imports and exports are compensated for in the balance of
payments.
In addition to growing productivity, international trade enables countries to
engage in a global economy, promoting foreign direct investment (FDI)
opportunities, which is the sum of money that individuals invest in foreign
companies and other properties. Thus, economies can, in principle, develop
more effective and can become competitive economic participants more
easily. For the receiving nation, FDI is a way of entering the country
through foreign currency and expertise. This raises the level of employment
and, in theory, contributes to increases in the gross domestic product. FDI
provides market expansion and growth for the investor, implying higher
sales.
A trade is a security exchange for "cash" in finance, usually a short-dated
promise to pay in the currency of the nation where the 'exchange' is located:
A financial instrument must be established by the State (which regulates it)
and must be registered by the owner of the instrument with the State
Regulator (who issues it). The owner, in this situation, is called: issuer of
the financial instrument.
The name of the person seeking the instrument is the claimant. Investments
in a company are known as stocks. When you own a stock, you own a
portion of the company from which the stock originated. For that reason,
because you own a small part of the company, stocks are often referred to
as' equity.' Depending on how the business is doing, stocks fluctuate in
price. For instance, if Company A has just released an incredible new
product that sells like crazy, the stock prices for Company A will increase.
Alternatively, if Company A experiences declining revenue, their
inventories would also possibly decline.
Advantages : You can really make a lot of money if your stock is good and
the company is flourishing. The cash is liquid as well. This implies that by
selling your stock, you can get it at any time.
Disadvantages : If a business is doing poorly, your stock is also doing so.
Since stock is not diversified, it can be a misfortune for you (besides, you
can easily decrease your risk by picking bigger, solid companies). It is good
to assume that it is almost impossible to game the market, so the lay
investor is not worth attempting. Such are the basics of what stocks are.