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- Beyond GDP: other ways to measure the economyKey points Gross national product, or GNP, includes what is produced domestically and what is produced by domestic labor and business abroad in a year. National income includes all income earned: wages, profits, rent, and profit income. Net national product, or NNP, is GNP minus depreciation. Depreciation is the process by which capital ages...0 Σχόλια 0 Μοιράστηκε 5045 Views 0 Προεπισκόπηση
- Beyond GDP: other ways to measure the economyKey points Gross national product, or GNP, includes what is produced domestically and what is produced by domestic labor and business abroad in a year. National income includes all income earned: wages, profits, rent, and profit income. Net national product, or NNP, is GNP minus depreciation. Depreciation is the process by which capital ages...0 Σχόλια 0 Μοιράστηκε 5526 Views 0 Προεπισκόπηση
- Changes in equilibrium price and quantity: the four-step processKey points There is a four-step process that allows us to predict how an event will affect the equilibrium price and quantity using the supply and demand framework. Step one: draw a market model (a supply curve and a demand curve) representing the situation before the economic event took place. Step two: determine whether the economic event being analyzed affects demand...0 Σχόλια 0 Μοιράστηκε 5657 Views 0 Προεπισκόπηση
- Command-and-Control regulationKey points Command-and-control regulation sets specific limits for pollution emissions and/or mandates that specific pollution-control technologies that must be used. Although such regulations have helped to protect the environment, they have three shortcomings: they provide no incentive for going beyond the limits they set; they offer limited flexibility on where and...0 Σχόλια 0 Μοιράστηκε 4014 Views 0 Προεπισκόπηση
- Demand and the Determinants of DemandIn a competitive market, demand for and supply of a good or service determine the equilibrium price. The law of demand Markets have two agents: buyers and sellers. Demand represents the buyers in a market. Demand is a description of all quantities of a good or service that a buyer would be willing to purchase at all prices. According to the law of demand, this relationship...0 Σχόλια 0 Μοιράστηκε 4432 Views 0 Προεπισκόπηση
- Economic efficiencyKey Points Economic efficiency is the idea that it is impossible to improve the situation of one party without imposing a cost on another. If a situation is economically inefficient, it becomes possible to benefit at least one party without imposing costs on others. Consumer surplus is the gap between the price that consumers are willing to...0 Σχόλια 0 Μοιράστηκε 3896 Views 0 Προεπισκόπηση
- Efficiency in perfectly competitive marketsKey points Long-run equilibrium in perfectly competitive markets meets two important conditions: allocative efficiency and productive efficiency. These two conditions have important implications. First, resources are allocated to their best alternative use. Second, they provide the maximum satisfaction attainable by society. Efficiency in perfectly...0 Σχόλια 0 Μοιράστηκε 3723 Views 0 Προεπισκόπηση
- Elasticity in the long run and short runKey points In the market for goods and services, quantity supplied and quantity demanded are often relatively slow to react to changes in price in the short run, but they react more substantially in the long run. As a result, demand and supply often—but not always—tend to be relatively inelastic in the short run and relatively elastic in the long run....0 Σχόλια 0 Μοιράστηκε 4465 Views 0 Προεπισκόπηση
- ESSENCE AND BASIC CONCEPTS OF MANAGEMENTThe essence of management is to manage everything: production, finances, personnel, resources to streamline the management system, from the initial situation to the improvement of results. Management is management in a market economy, a set of principles and methods. means and forms of production management developed in the conditions of a market economy and applied in countries with a...0 Σχόλια 0 Μοιράστηκε 17745 Views 0 Προεπισκόπηση
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