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- Aggregate demand and aggregate supply curvesKey points Aggregate supply is the total quantity of output firms will produce and sell—in other words, the real GDP. The upward-sloping aggregate supply curve—also known as the short run aggregate supply curve—shows the positive relationship between price level and real GDP in the short run. The aggregate supply curve slopes up because...0 Comentários 0 Compartilhamentos 6319 Visualizações 0 Anterior
- Aggregate demand in Keynesian analysisKey points Aggregate demand is the sum of four components: consumption, investment, government spending, and net exports. Consumption can change for a number of reasons, including movements in income, taxes, expectations about future income, and changes in wealth levels. Investment can change in response to its expected profitability, which in turn is shaped by...0 Comentários 0 Compartilhamentos 6920 Visualizações 0 Anterior
- Aggregate demand in Keynesian analysisKey points Aggregate demand is the sum of four components: consumption, investment, government spending, and net exports. Consumption can change for a number of reasons, including movements in income, taxes, expectations about future income, and changes in wealth levels. Investment can change in response to its expected profitability, which in turn is shaped by...0 Comentários 0 Compartilhamentos 8660 Visualizações 0 Anterior
- Beyond GDP: other ways to measure the economyKey points Gross national product, or GNP, includes what is produced domestically and what is produced by domestic labor and business abroad in a year. National income includes all income earned: wages, profits, rent, and profit income. Net national product, or NNP, is GNP minus depreciation. Depreciation is the process by which capital ages...0 Comentários 0 Compartilhamentos 8084 Visualizações 0 Anterior
- Changes in equilibrium price and quantity: the four-step processKey points There is a four-step process that allows us to predict how an event will affect the equilibrium price and quantity using the supply and demand framework. Step one: draw a market model (a supply curve and a demand curve) representing the situation before the economic event took place. Step two: determine whether the economic event being analyzed affects demand...0 Comentários 0 Compartilhamentos 7476 Visualizações 0 Anterior
- Changes in equilibrium price and quantity: the four-step processKey points There is a four-step process that allows us to predict how an event will affect the equilibrium price and quantity using the supply and demand framework. Step one: draw a market model (a supply curve and a demand curve) representing the situation before the economic event took place. Step two: determine whether the economic event being analyzed affects demand...0 Comentários 0 Compartilhamentos 6597 Visualizações 0 Anterior
- Command-and-control regulationKey points Command-and-control regulation sets specific limits for pollution emissions and/or mandates that specific pollution-control technologies that must be used. Although such regulations have helped to protect the environment, they have three shortcomings: they provide no incentive for going beyond the limits they set; they offer limited flexibility on where and...0 Comentários 0 Compartilhamentos 5814 Visualizações 0 Anterior
- Command-and-control regulationKey points Command-and-control regulation sets specific limits for pollution emissions and/or mandates that specific pollution-control technologies that must be used. Although such regulations have helped to protect the environment, they have three shortcomings: they provide no incentive for going beyond the limits they set; they offer limited flexibility on where and...0 Comentários 0 Compartilhamentos 5987 Visualizações 0 Anterior
- Comparing GDP among countriesKey Points Since GDP is measured in a country’s currency, in order to compare different countries’ GDPs, we need to convert them to a common currency. One way to compare different countries' GDPs is with an exchange rate, the price of one country’s currency in terms of another. GDP per capita is GDP divided by population....0 Comentários 0 Compartilhamentos 6201 Visualizações 0 Anterior
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