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Aggregate demand and aggregate supply curvesKey points Aggregate supply is the total quantity of output firms will produce and sell—in other words, the real GDP. The upward-sloping aggregate supply curve—also known as the short run aggregate supply curve—shows the positive relationship between price level and real GDP in the short run. The aggregate supply curve slopes up because...0 التعليقات 0 المشاركات 7كيلو بايت مشاهدة 0 معاينة
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Aggregate demand in Keynesian analysisKey points Aggregate demand is the sum of four components: consumption, investment, government spending, and net exports. Consumption can change for a number of reasons, including movements in income, taxes, expectations about future income, and changes in wealth levels. Investment can change in response to its expected profitability, which in turn is shaped by...0 التعليقات 0 المشاركات 7كيلو بايت مشاهدة 0 معاينة
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Aggregate demand in Keynesian analysisKey points Aggregate demand is the sum of four components: consumption, investment, government spending, and net exports. Consumption can change for a number of reasons, including movements in income, taxes, expectations about future income, and changes in wealth levels. Investment can change in response to its expected profitability, which in turn is shaped by...0 التعليقات 0 المشاركات 9كيلو بايت مشاهدة 0 معاينة
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Demand and the Determinants of DemandIn a competitive market, demand for and supply of a good or service determine the equilibrium price. The law of demand Markets have two agents: buyers and sellers. Demand represents the buyers in a market. Demand is a description of all quantities of a good or service that a buyer would be willing to purchase at all prices. According to the law of demand, this relationship...0 التعليقات 0 المشاركات 6كيلو بايت مشاهدة 0 معاينة
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Interpreting the aggregate demand/aggregate supply modelKey points The aggregate demand/aggregate supply model is a model that shows what determines total supply or total demand for the economy and how total demand and total supply interact at the macroeconomic level. Aggregate supply is the total quantity of output firms will produce and sell—in other words, the real GDP. Aggregate demand is the...0 التعليقات 0 المشاركات 6كيلو بايت مشاهدة 0 معاينة
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Interpreting the aggregate demand/aggregate supply modelKey points The aggregate demand/aggregate supply model is a model that shows what determines total supply or total demand for the economy and how total demand and total supply interact at the macroeconomic level. Aggregate supply is the total quantity of output firms will produce and sell—in other words, the real GDP. Aggregate demand is the...0 التعليقات 0 المشاركات 5كيلو بايت مشاهدة 0 معاينة
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Law of DemandKey points The law of demand states that a higher price leads to a lower quantity demanded and that a lower price leads to a higher quantity demanded. Demand curves and demand schedules are tools used to summarize the relationship between quantity demanded and price. Demand for goods and services Economists use the term demand to...0 التعليقات 0 المشاركات 6كيلو بايت مشاهدة 0 معاينة
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Law of demandKey points The law of demand states that a higher price leads to a lower quantity demanded and that a lower price leads to a higher quantity demanded. Demand curves and demand schedules are tools used to summarize the relationship between quantity demanded and price. Demand for goods and services Economists use the term demand to...0 التعليقات 0 المشاركات 5كيلو بايت مشاهدة 0 معاينة
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Law of demandKey points The law of demand states that a higher price leads to a lower quantity demanded and that a lower price leads to a higher quantity demanded. Demand curves and demand schedules are tools used to summarize the relationship between quantity demanded and price. Demand for goods and services Economists use the term demand to...0 التعليقات 0 المشاركات 5كيلو بايت مشاهدة 0 معاينة
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Beyond GDP: other ways to measure the economyKey points Gross national product, or GNP, includes what is produced domestically and what is produced by domestic labor and business abroad in a year. National income includes all income earned: wages, profits, rent, and profit income. Net national product, or NNP, is GNP minus depreciation. Depreciation is the process by which capital ages...0 التعليقات 0 المشاركات 8كيلو بايت مشاهدة 0 معاينة
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Changes in equilibrium price and quantity: the four-step processKey points There is a four-step process that allows us to predict how an event will affect the equilibrium price and quantity using the supply and demand framework. Step one: draw a market model (a supply curve and a demand curve) representing the situation before the economic event took place. Step two: determine whether the economic event being analyzed affects demand...0 التعليقات 0 المشاركات 7كيلو بايت مشاهدة 0 معاينة
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Changes in equilibrium price and quantity: the four-step processKey points There is a four-step process that allows us to predict how an event will affect the equilibrium price and quantity using the supply and demand framework. Step one: draw a market model (a supply curve and a demand curve) representing the situation before the economic event took place. Step two: determine whether the economic event being analyzed affects demand...0 التعليقات 0 المشاركات 8كيلو بايت مشاهدة 0 معاينة
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Changes in equilibrium price and quantity: the four-step processKey points There is a four-step process that allows us to predict how an event will affect the equilibrium price and quantity using the supply and demand framework. Step one: draw a market model (a supply curve and a demand curve) representing the situation before the economic event took place. Step two: determine whether the economic event being analyzed affects demand...0 التعليقات 0 المشاركات 8كيلو بايت مشاهدة 0 معاينة
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Command-and-control regulationKey points Command-and-control regulation sets specific limits for pollution emissions and/or mandates that specific pollution-control technologies that must be used. Although such regulations have helped to protect the environment, they have three shortcomings: they provide no incentive for going beyond the limits they set; they offer limited flexibility on where and...0 التعليقات 0 المشاركات 6كيلو بايت مشاهدة 0 معاينة
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Command-and-control regulationKey points Command-and-control regulation sets specific limits for pollution emissions and/or mandates that specific pollution-control technologies that must be used. Although such regulations have helped to protect the environment, they have three shortcomings: they provide no incentive for going beyond the limits they set; they offer limited flexibility on where and...0 التعليقات 0 المشاركات 6كيلو بايت مشاهدة 0 معاينة
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