ADHD

0
8كيلو بايت

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterised by excessive amounts of inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity that are pervasive, impairing in multiple contexts, and otherwise age-inappropriate. ADHD symptoms arise from executive dysfunction, and emotional dysregulation is often considered a core symptom. In children, problems paying attention may result in poor school performance. ADHD is associated with other neurodevelopmental and mental disorders as well as some non-psychiatric disorders, which can cause additional impairment, especially in modern society. Although people with ADHD struggle to focus on tasks they are not particularly interested in completing, they are often able to maintain an unusually prolonged and intense level of attention for tasks they do find interesting or rewarding; this is known as hyperfocus. The precise causes of ADHD are unknown in the majority of cases.[13][14] Genetic factors play an important role; ADHD tends to run in families and has a heritability rate of 74%. Toxins and infections during pregnancy as well as brain damage may be environmental risks. It affects about 5–7% of children when diagnosed via the DSM-IV criteria, and 1–2% when diagnosed via the ICD-10 criteria. Rates are similar between countries and differences in rates depend mostly on how it is diagnosed. ADHD is diagnosed approximately twice as often in boys than in girls, and 1.6 times more often in men than in women, although the disorder is overlooked in girls or diagnosed in later life because their symptoms sometimes differ from diagnostic criteria. About 30–50% of people diagnosed in childhood continue to have ADHD in adulthood, with 2.58% of adults estimated to have ADHD which began in childhood. In adults, hyperactivity is usually replaced by inner restlessness, and adults often develop coping skills to compensate for their impairments. The condition can be difficult to tell apart from other conditions, as well as from high levels of activity within the range of normal behaviour. ADHD has a negative impact on patient health-related quality of life that may be further exacerbated by, or may increase the risk of, other psychiatric conditions such as anxiety and depression. ADHD management recommendations vary and usually involve some combination of medications, counseling, and lifestyle changes. The British guideline emphasises environmental modifications and education about ADHD for individuals and carers as the first response. If symptoms persist, parent-training, medication, or psychotherapy (especially cognitive behavioural therapy) can be recommended based on age. Canadian and American guidelines recommend medications and behavioural therapy together, except in preschool-aged children for whom the first-line treatment is behavioural therapy alone. Stimulant medications are the most effective pharmaceutical treatment, although there may be side effects and any improvements will be reverted if medication is ceased. ADHD, its diagnosis, and its treatment have been considered controversial since the 1970s. These controversies have involved doctors, teachers, policymakers, parents, and the media. Topics have included causes of ADHD and the use of stimulant medications in its treatment. ADHD is now a well-validated clinical diagnosis in children and adults, and the debate in the scientific community mainly centers on how it is diagnosed and treated. ADHD was officially known as attention deficit disorder (ADD) from 1980 to 1987; prior to the 1980s, it was known as hyperkinetic reaction of childhood. Symptoms similar to those of ADHD have been described in medical literature dating back to the 18th century.

البحث
الأقسام
إقرأ المزيد
Business
What Are the Best Digital Marketing Strategies for Startups?
Starting a business is exciting, but without a solid digital marketing strategy, it can be...
بواسطة Dacey Rankins 2025-03-14 16:14:00 0 7كيلو بايت
Телевидение
TV BRICS международная сеть. Прямая трансляция. Россия. Русский, Китайский. 电视金砖国际网络。 现场直播。 俄罗斯。 俄文,中文。
Российский телеканал TV BRICS транслируемый в Китае. Потенциальная аудитория 150 млн человек....
بواسطة Nikolai Pokryshkin 2022-11-28 19:51:56 0 28كيلو بايت
Computers
57 Best Computer Companies – Best Laptops
57 Best Computer Companies – Best Laptops • MICROSOFT Who doesn’t know...
بواسطة Leonard Pokrovski 2024-03-20 22:10:58 0 32كيلو بايت
Roads and Highways
Navigating the World's Arteries: A Comprehensive Look at Roads and Highways
Roads and highways are the lifelines of modern civilization, weaving through landscapes,...
بواسطة Dacey Rankins 2024-05-15 18:29:36 0 12كيلو بايت
Cultures and Groups
Arts and Culture
Culture and art is a rather specific direction, if we describe it in terms of employment and...
بواسطة FWhoop Xelqua 2023-01-19 16:45:09 0 21كيلو بايت
image/svg+xml


BigMoney.VIP Powered by Hosting Pokrov