What questions can be posed to the expert?
Over the years of our company's work, we have known that it can be difficult for clients (both ordinary people and lawyers) to formulate the right questions for an expert. We help our clients during the consultation to determine what tasks the expert should face. Posing the right questions to the expert is very important, because only in this case the expert's conclusion will become one of the important evidence in resolving the dispute in court.

Based on the accumulated experience, we have prepared a series of standard questions for various types of examinations. This list will help you better navigate in such a difficult matter as expertise:

Handwriting
Linguistic
Dendrological
Phototechnical
Legal
Technical examination of documents
Construction
 

Typical questions to the expert
Handwriting expertise

Identification:

Who made the signature on behalf of Ivanov I. I.: himself or another person?
Did one or more persons sign documents 1 and 2 on behalf of Petrov P.P.?
Is the text of the document made by a specific person – Ivanov I. I.?
By whom was the text of the document executed: Ivanov, Petrov or another person?
Diagnostic:

Had a person's signature been made with deliberate misrepresentation of his signature?
Was the signature made on behalf of a specific person imitating the original signature?
Has the signature been made on behalf of a particular person under the influence of alcohol?
Whether the text or signature imitates the handwriting or signature of a particular person on behalf of a fictitious person.
Classification:

Is the handwritten text done by a man or a woman?
What age group does the author of the handwritten text belong to?
Isn't the manuscript under study intentionally altered handwriting, imitating a little-developed handwriting, the handwriting of a particular person, with the left hand (if he is accustomed to writing with his right)?
Are the words or numbers added to this text by another person? Are the fragments of the text, individual documents not made by different persons?
Is the handwritten text (signature) not made in an unusual setting (for example, in the cold, in an unusual position for the performer, etc.), in an unusual state of the writer (illness, alcohol or drug intoxication, a state of affect, etc.)?
 
Linguistic expertise

Episode 1

Is there any negative information in the text under study about a natural or legal person, its activities and its personal business and moral qualities? What specific statements contain this information and what is their semantic orientation?
If the text under study contains negative information about a natural or legal person, then in what form are they expressed: statements, opinions, assumptions, questions, value judgments?
Episode 2

Does the text of the article posted dd.mm.yy contain? in the Internet resource www. [...]. ru, information discrediting the honor, dignity and business reputation of Ivanov Ivan Ivanovich, who held the post of director of the MMAU of the city N "..." with dd.mm.y. by dd.mm.y.? *
If the answer to the first question is yes, indicate what language means is this represented?
 
 

*It should be noted that, unlike judicial and law enforcement agencies, which establish the presence / absence of negative information that discredits the honor, dignity and business reputation of a person, the linguist establishes the presence / absence of negative information that detracts from the honor, dignity and business reputation of a person.

 
Episode 3

Is the name Egor a phonetic version of the name George?
Can the surnames "Calculations" and "Calculations" be variants of the spelling of the same surname, taking into account the spelling of morphemes adopted in different periods (from 1898 to 1940)?
 
Dendrological examination

Whether the object of the study tree was viable before it fell;
Are there signs of tree defects: underdevelopment of the root system, signs of the development of necrosis-cancerous formations and core rot of wood at the base of the trunk or other deviations that could lead to its poor-quality status and emergency condition (whether it was an emergency).
 
Phototechnical expertise

Are there any signs of photomontage or retouching in the photographs submitted for examination?
What is the date and time that these photos were created?
Is it possible to determine the location of the shooting?
 
Legal expertise

Was he entitled ... within the meaning of the contracts, as the manager of trust management agreements, to receive rent for the leased property?
Did ..., within the meaning of the contracts, being the manager under the contracts of trust management of the property, have the obligation to transfer the received rent to the principal Ivanov I. I. for the leased property?
Did it have ... within the meaning of the contracts, as the manager of trust management agreements, the right to dispose of the rent received for the leased property?
 
Technical examination of the document

Age of printing:

Does the time of printing the seal located in the center of the sheet at the bottom in the document submitted for examination correspond to the date indicated in the document? If it does not match, then in what period of time is the impression applied?
Are there any signs of aggressive (thermal, chemical, mechanical and other) effects on the props in the print impression located on the last sheet on the right in the document submitted for the study?
Technical and forensic (method of applying a seal impression):

How is the impression of the seal (stamp) applied to the document?
Is the impression of the seal in the document under study applied by the same seal, the samples of impressions of which are presented as comparative?
Is the impression of the seal in the document under study applied by the same seal, the cliché of which is submitted for research?
Are the same or different seals (clichés) printed in the document under study?
Printing method:

How is the certification form submitted for the study (seal, stamp, facsimile) made?
Are there any changes to the print cliché? If there are changes, when did they arise and what was the original content of the cliché print?
Installation, forgery of the impression or the seal itself:

How is the impression of the seal (stamp) applied to the document?
Is the print impression in the document under study cliché printed or made using technical means (reproduction of impressions using a computer and photocopying equipment)?
How is the certification form submitted for the study (seal, stamp, facsimile) made?
Are there any changes to the print cliché? If there are changes, when did they arise and what was the original content of the cliché print?
The sequence of requisites (prints, text, handwritten notes):

What is the sequence of the text of the document, manuscripts and printing?
Examination of the paint with which the impression is applied:

Is the seal impression in the document under study applied with the same stamp paint as the samples of impressions of seals presented as comparative?
Are the stamps of the seals in the document under study applied with the same or different stamps?
Is the stamp impression in the document under study applied with the same stamp ink as the stamp ink sample presented as comparative?
Do the same or different stamp inks print the seals in the various documents submitted for the study?
Recover lost print content in a document:

Are there any changes to the print impression? If so, what was the original content of the print?
What is the content of a hard-to-see print impression?
 
Construction expertise

Does the as-built and technical documentation comply with building codes?
What is the actual scope of work under the construction contract No. XXXX from dd.mm.y.? Determine the quantity in m.p.
Does the amount of work actually performed correspond to the scope of work provided for under the construction contract No. XXXX of dd.mm.yy.?
Does the quality of the work performed meet the terms of the contract, the requirements of the SNIP, technical regulations and other mandatory requirements?
If the volume of actually performed work exceeds the amount provided for by the construction contract No. XXXX of dd.mm.y, then:
are these works major or additional volumes?
are they urgent and urgent?
are these works performed in order to prevent greater damage or probable destruction (damage) of the construction site?
was it possible to achieve the objective stipulated in the contract without carrying out the specified works?
is it possible to use the result of the work in accordance with their direct purpose?
what is the cost of the actual work performed?
what is the actual amount of materials used to repair the facility?
 

The list of standard questions will be supplemented by the staff of the Institute.