Which computer is the most powerful in the world? Frontier HPE Cray EX235a is a new computer system that topped the TOP500 rating. THE HPE Cray EX is the first system in the U.S. to peak performance in excess of one exascale/s. Where is the most powerful computer in the world? It is currently being integrated and tested at ORNL in Tennessee, USA, where it will be operated by the Department of Energy (DOE). The Frontier achieved 1,102 exaflops/s using 8,730,112 cores. The new HPE Cray EX architecture combines AMD EPYC 3rd Generation processors optimized for high performance computing and artificial intelligence, AMD Instinct 250X accelerators and Slingshot-11 interconnect. The HPE Cray EX Supercomputer is a high-density, liquid-cooled, blade-cooled cluster computer system designed from the ground up for maximum performance, scalability, and density. The main building block of the HPE Cray EX supercomputer was the liquid-cooled chassis. The cabinet is a sealed unit, uses closed-loop cooling technology and does not divert heated air to the data center. Direct liquid-cooled cooling plates provide efficient heat dissipation from powerful devices, including processors, GPUs, and switches, through an auxiliary cooling distribution unit (CDU). The Cooling Distribution Unit (CDU) is a liquid-to-liquid heat exchanger that is used to remove heat from the HPE Cray EX supercomputer. The heat trapped in the secondary circuit is transferred to the primary circuit of the object through a liquid-to-liquid heat exchanger. The CDU is designed to circulate and control the coolant to the collectors that are found in each chassis in the cabinet. The CDU is designed for 1.6 MW cooling. The cooling system monitors indoor conditions and prevents condensation by keeping the secondary circuit temperature above the dew point in the room. To cool such a computer, 6000 gallons per minute are used. In addition to the advanced liquid cooling of the CDU, the supercomputer features the following: 74 HPE Cray EX Cabinets weighing more than 3.6 tonnes each; HPE Slingshot 150 km of network cables provide the world's only high-performance Ethernet fabric designed for next-generation HPC and AI solutions; Cray Clusterstor E1000 storage, which enables the Frontier Orion storage system to deliver 700 petabytes of storage capacity, peak write speeds of more than 35 terabytes per second, and more than 15 billion random read IOPS. Frontier: Flickr Frontier in different rankings: First place in a category called mixed-precision computing, which evaluates performance in formats commonly used for artificial intelligence with a performance of 6.88 exaflops. Ranked first on the Green500 list as the most energy-efficient supercomputer in the world with a performance of 52.23 gigaflops per watt, making it 32% more energy efficient than the previous number one system. As the world's most powerful supercomputer, delivering unprecedented performance and advanced capabilities, Frontier will accelerate discovery, make breakthroughs, and solve the world's toughest problems. The supercomputer, whose total power exceeds the next seven largest supercomputers in the world, will allow scientists to simulate at the exascale level solutions to problems that are 8 times more complex and will perform them up to 10 times faster. Frontier is expected to reach higher speed levels with a theoretical peak performance of 2 exaflops. The supercomputer will have a significant impact on important areas such as the diagnosis and prediction of cancer and disease, the search for drugs, renewable energy sources and new materials to create safer and more sustainable products. How much does the most powerful computer in the world cost? Simon Reed writes that Frontier is valued at $600 million. Other supercomputers The top ten most powerful computers in the world, in addition to Frontier, include three more systems created by HPE: LUMI - 3rd place, Summit (OLCF-4) - 4th place, Perlmutter - 7th place. Let's take a closer look at which supercomputers are located in the TOP500 after Frontier. Supercomputer Fugaku A supercomputer from Japan has been the leader for the last 2 years. They called it Fugaku. So in various publications and books they call Mount Fuji, after which the productive apparatus was named. A supercomputer was installed at the computer center of the Institute of Physical and Chemical Research (RIKEN) in the city of Kobe. Fugaku has the following characteristics: productivity - 442,010 petaflops (peak 537,212 petaflops); processor — Fujitsu A64FX; capacity - 28,3 MW; The operating system is Linux (RHEL). Fugaku is one of the most expensive supercomputers, as it has 158,976 A64FX processors. Presumably, about $ 1 billion was spent on development. LUMI HPE Cray EX235a One of the most powerful supercomputers in the world, LUMI, began operations at the CSC data center in Kajaani (Finland) in 2021. The peak performance of LUMI is 214.35 petaflops per second. LUMI is a European venture in which ten European countries and the EuroHPC Joint Venture (EuroHPC JU) invest in one joint system. It aims to stimulate research, employment and competitiveness across Europe. The system is supplied by Hewlett Packard Enterprise (HPE), which equips the HPE Cray EX supercomputer with next-generation AMD EPYC processors and AMD Instinct GPUs. Summit (OLCF-4) It was built in 2018. Before the advent of the Japanese performance supercomputer was the most powerful, but now it has shifted to 4th place in the TOP500 rating. It is hosted by the U.S. Department of Energy. $325 million was allocated for the development of Summit. The development of the American supercomputer was carried out by a laboratory, whose engineers managed to design a device with a computing power of 148.6 petaflops. Summit (OLCF-4): Wikipedia Sierra (ATS-2) The supercomputer, like the previous computer, belongs to the United States and was built in 2018. The Sierra complex is used by the National Nuclear Security Administration of America. The supercomputer is designed to solve problems related to the management of the country's nuclear arsenal. It is used to ensure the safety, effectiveness and reliability of nuclear weapons. Initially, it was believed that the computing power of Sierra would be 125 petaflops, but the LINPACK performance test showed 94.6 petaflops. Sunway TaihuLight China is the leader in the number of supercomputers. There are 173 computer complexes in the country. In the period from 2016 to 2018, it was the Chinese Sunway TaihuLight that was the most productive in the TOP500 rating. Now the supercomputer is located on the 6th place. Its performance is 93 petaflops. The cost of Sunway TaihuLight is 1.8 billion yuan, which is equal to $ 270 million US. The supercomputer has 40,960 SW26010 processors, which in total have almost 10.7 million cores. Perlmutter In seventh place is the Perlmutter HPE Cray EX235n. For its operation, AMD Epyc 7742 64C processors and NVIDIA A100 SXM4 video cards with a capacity of 40 GB of video memory are used. In total, it has 761,856 cores. Peak computing power is 93.75 petaflops. Any gaming PC can not be compared with the computing capabilities of the presented supercomputers, which are several times superior to personal devices. This year, the Americans surprised with their creation called Frontier, which is several times superior to the rest of the supercomputers from the TOP500 rating.