• Do carbon taxes reduce emissions?
    Do Carbon Taxes Reduce Emissions? The argument usually arrives disguised as arithmetic. A legislator holds up a chart, a pundit cites a gasoline price, an economist sketches a tidy curve on television. Carbon taxes, we are told, work because people respond to prices. Raise the cost of pollution and pollution declines. Elegant. Mechanical. Almost Newtonian. But carbon is not emitted by...
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  • How does carbon pricing work?
    How Does Carbon Pricing Work? There is a habit in economics, especially in rooms with polished tables and filtered air, to speak about carbon as though it were an abstraction. A metric. A unit. A derivative of energy consumption. Yet carbon dioxide is physical. It leaves a tailpipe warm. It rises from a smokestack with the invisible confidence of empire. It lingers in oceans that absorb heat...
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  • What is a carbon tax?
    What Is a Carbon Tax? A refinery in Texas exhales more carbon dioxide before dawn than a forest can absorb in months. A container ship crossing the Pacific burns bunker fuel so dense and sulfurous that, if poured into a stream, it would resemble an industrial crime scene. Yet the invoice for this damage rarely arrives. The atmosphere receives the bill. Future generations inherit the debt....
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  • What is cap-and-trade?
    What Is Cap-and-Trade? There is a moment that arrives in certain industrial cities just before dawn when the air becomes visible. Not fog. Not weather. A chemistry of exhaust, sulfur, nitrates, carbon, and microscopic particulates suspended low enough to taste. I remember standing near the ship channel outside Houston years ago while a refinery exhaled steam against a bruised sky. A worker...
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