Government agencies in many U.S. states responsible for child protectionChild Protective Services (CPS) is the name of a government agency in many U.S. states responsible for ensuring child protection, including responding to reports of child abuse or neglect. Some states use other names often used to reflect more child-centered practices, such as the Department of Children's Affairs and (DCFS). CPS is also known as the Department of Social Services (DSS) or simply Social Services.

List of other names and abbreviations for CPS:

Department of Children and Family Affairs - DCF
Department of Children and Family Affairs - DCFS
Department of Social Services - DSS
Department of Human Services - DHS
Department of Child Safety - DCS
Department of Human Services - DCS
Department of Social Services - DHR
CPS/DCF is a department of the National Health and Social Security Service.

Laws and standards
Federal
U.S. Federal laws governing CPS agents, including:

Child Abuse Prevention and Treatment Act (CAPTA)
Children Protection Of India Act (ICWA)
Multi-Ethnic Placement Act (MEPA)
Adoption and Safe Families Act (ASFA)
Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act 1973 (Section 504)
Title II of the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 (ADA)
42 USC Section 1983 and as the case may be 1985.
Social Policy Act 1935
History
In 1690, in the territory of modern America, criminal cases of child abuse were considered in court. In 1692, states and municipalities defined the care of unsupervised children as the responsibility of local governments and private institutions. In 1696, the Kingdom of England first applied the legal principle of parens patriae, according to which the royal crown took care of "charities, babies, idiots and madmen returned to the chancellery." This parens patriae principle has been defined as the legislative basis for U.S. government intervention in the practice of family parenting.

In 1825, laws were passed giving social networks the right to deprive street children of their parents and children. from the streets. These children were placed in almshouses, orphanages and other families. In 1835, the Society for the Defense of Human Rights established the National Agency for the Rescue of Children to investigate cases of child abuse. In the late nineteenth century, private child protection agencies, created using animal welfare techniques, were created to investigate reports of child abuse, bring them to court, and protect child protection legislation.

In 1853, the Children's Aid Society was founded in response to the problem of orphans living in New York City. Instead of using these facilities for use in institutions, they were placed in the first "foster" homes, usually with the intention of helping families on their farms as slaves.

In 1874, a criminal case was opened in the first case of child abuse, which became the "Mary Ellen case". Outrage over the case marked the beginning of organized efforts to combat child abuse. In 1909, President Theodore Roosevelt convened the White House Conference on Child Dependence, which created a funded volunteer organization for the Classification of Standards for Children. By 1926, some versions of joint child protection boards had been established in 18 states. Issues of treatment and neglect were addressed in the Social Cruelty Act of 1930, which provided funding for activities for abandoned and dependent children at risk of becoming an offence."

In 1912, a federal Children's Bureau was established with powers that included services related to child abuse. In 1958, amendments to the Social Government Act directed states to fund child protection efforts. In 1962, professionals and the media to abuse with the help was caused by the publication by S. Henry Kempe and his colleague "Battered Child Syndrome" in JAMA. By the mid-1960s, in response to the public's vulnerability caused by this article, 49 U.S. states had passed laws on reporting child abuse. In 1974, these state efforts culminated in the passage of the federal Child Abuse Protection and Treatment Act (CAPTA; Public Law 93-247), which provides federal funding for large-scale research into child abuse at the federal and state levels. and services. In 1980, Congress passed the first comprehensive federal Child Protection Services Act — 1980 Congress passed the first comprehensive Child Protection Services Act— 1980, the Adoption and Welfare Assistance Act (Public Act 96-272), which focuses on efforts to preserve the family to help the family stay together and children do not end up in foster care or other institutions. accommodation options outside the home.

Partially government-funded child protection governments (CPS) were first created in response to the 1974 CAPTA, which prescribed all staff prescription procedures for alleged cases of child abuse.

In the 1940s and 1950s, thanks to improved diagnostic radiology technologies, medical professionals began to turn their attention to what they considered to be intentional injuries, the so-called "shocked child syndrome." In 1961, C. Henripe began further research on this question, eventually defining and coining the term battered child syndrome. At the same time, views on the role in society have changed, fueled in part by the Civil Rights Movement.

. In 1973, Congress took the first steps toward enacting a federal legislature to address poverty and minority issues. In 1974, the Cruelty Prevention Act was passed, requiring states to "prevent, howl, and treat child abuse and neglect."

Shortly thereafter, in 1978, the India Child Protection Act (ICWA) was passed in response to attempts to exterminate Americans by taking large numbers of American children, separating them from their tribes, and placing them in remote schools where they were. were abused, lost and sometimes died. This law not only opened the door to consideration of issues, but also approved the proposal that children should be with their family, which marked the beginning of family preservation programs. In 1980, the Adoption and Child Welfare Assistance Act was passed as a way to cope with the large number of children placed in the system. During this law, some temporary measures were considered that violate normal rules, disrupt the operation of the system, to reduce the large number in the premises or the continuing delays with permanent accommodation. This has led to the introduction of at-home customer service models.

In addition to the family services of federal child protection policy, there have been attempts to address the problem of constant childcare. Several parts of federal legislation have attempted to simplify the process of forced adoption and parental disenfranchisement, including incentives for adoption and removal through the Adoption Assistance Act; the Child Abuse Prevention, Adoption and Family Services Act 1988; and the Child Abuse, Domestic Violence, Adoption and Family Services Act 1992. The Multinational Placement Act of 1994, which was revised in 1996 to add provisions to inter-ethnic accommodation, is also an attempt to ensure permanence through forced adoption, creating rules prohibiting postponement or refusal of adoption due to time-bound problems. process, fairness, constitutionality, parental rights, children's rights, discrimination, race, colour or national origin of the child or adoptive parent.

All of these rules lead to 1997 adoption. and the Safe Families Act (ASFA), much of which governs current practice. Changes to the Adoption and Safe Families Act have shown interest in a cosmetic shift in focus to children's health and safety and a policy of reuniting children with biological parents without regard to previous crimes. That law requires counties to make "reasonable efforts" to preserve parental rights that have been in the custody of 15 of the past 22 months, with some exceptions.

Comparison with other similar systems
Brazil
For decades, until 1990, NGOs and children's organizations exerted pressure to protect children suffering from poverty and hunger and despised by some segments of society. in Brazil. After that, she became a chapter on the rights of children and adolescents in the Constitution of the Federative Republic of Brazil. In 1990, it was another big victory when the national government was approved. This has provided a comprehensive child protection system in Brazil. To ensure the provisions of the Statute at the federal level, councils for the rights of the adolescent have been established at the local level.

The National Council for the Rights of Children and Adolescents (CONANDA) is a federal authority. Boards of Trustees are local authorities and have duties and responsibilities to the children in their area. All work is covered by the STATUTE OF THE CHILD AND ADOLESCENTS (Law No. 8069 of July 13, 1990).

Canada
In Ontario, compensation services are provided by the Independent Children's Aid Society. Receiving funding from the Ontario Department of Children and Youth Affairs is under its control. However, they are treated as a Non-Governmental Organization (NGO) that gives the CAS a greater degree of autonomy from interference or guidance in the day-to-day management of the FAC party ministry. The Board of Supervision of Services for Children and Families has been investigating the CAS and Vedia to act against society.

The federal government passed Act C-92, officially known as the Peoples, Inuit, and Métis Children Protection Act., Youth and Families, in June 2019, takes effect Jan. 1, 2020. New software for the national standards for the treatment of children from the system of peoples. For example, in the transfer of power, foster families should give priority to the extended family and home communities. The law also allows communities to create their own child protection laws. The population is about 50 percent of the population.

Costa Rica
The National Patronage de la Infancia (PANI) is responsible for Child Protection in Costa Rica.

The agency was founded in 1930 by Dr. Luis Felipe González Flores, then a Costa Rican tycoon. It was founded to combat child mortality, which at the time was rampant in Costa Rica. The idea was to give up babies for adoption that could force themselves to support (abortion could not be a crime in Costa Rica).

In 1949, after the Costa Rican Civil War, a new constitution was written that called for the agency to be an autonomous institution within the government, independent of any ministry.

Today, the FOCUS is on the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child. The agency continues to advocate for adoption, as abortion is banned in Costa Rica.

United Kingdom
The United Kingdom has a comprehensive child protection system under which local authorities have duties and responsibilities towards children in need in their area. This includes the provision of service delivery services and service delivery services for the provision of service delivery services. The criterion for the latter is "significant harm," which encompasses physical, sexual, and emotional abuse and neglect. Where appropriate, those submitted to the court shall be subject to confirmation. Local authorities also provide adoption services for both children who are voluntarily nominated for adoption and for children who become available for judicial adoption. The basic legal principle of all public and private proceedings against children under the Children's Act 1989 is that the well-being of the child is of paramount importance. Recognizing attachment problems, good social work practices require a minimum number of moves, and the Children's Act 1989 enshrines the principles that deferral is detrimental to a child's well-being. The case period is 26 weeks (although in certain circumstances it may be extended). The final care plan submitted by the local authorities should be a plan for the ongoing care of parents, members, long-term adoptive parents or adoptive parents. The courts are involved in judicial processes and their interests are investigated by independent social workers who represent children in judicial processes. The peculiarity of guardianship is that judges at all levels must comply with the recommendations of the Child Guardian, unless there is a good reason not to do so. However, "drift" and multiple placement still take place as many older children link or keep in placements. The Independent Visitor Role, a voluntary position, was created in the United Kingdom in conjunction with the Children's Act 1989 to make friends and help children and young people in care.

In England, Wales and Scotland, there has never been a legislative report to report alleged child abuse to the police. However, the Children's Act of 1989 and 2004 clearly establishes a standard duty for all professionals to report suspected cases of child abuse.

The Legislative Guide "Working Together to Protect Children 2006" created the role of the local government. This officer is responsible for handling allegations of abuse against adults who work with children (teachers, social workers, church leaders, youth workers). so on.).

Local Child Protection Councils (LSCBs) have a responsibility to ensure that agencies and professionals in their area effectively protect and promote children's well-being. In the event of a child's death or serious injury, LSCBs may initiate a "Serious Case Review" aimed at identifying the agency's shortcomings and improving future practices.

The planned ContactPoint database, in which information about children is shared with professionals, was suspended by the newly elected coalition government (May 2010). The database was aimed at improving the exchange of information between agencies. The lack of information-sharing has been found to be a shortcoming in the many high-profile cases of child mortality. Critics of the scheme argued that it was a testament to the "big brother of the state" and was too expensive to implement.

Child Protection Collaboration 2006 (updated 2010) and the follow-up report Child Protection In England: Progress Report (Laming, 2009) continue to facilitate data sharing among those working with vulnerable children.

Where appropriate, the child may be placed in the custody of a court and no decisions concerning the child or changes in his or her life may be taken without the permission of the High Court.

In England, the murder of Victoria Klimby has greatly influenced various changes in child protection in England, including the creation in 2003 of the Every Child Matters programme. A similar program – Right for every child – GIRFEC was established in Scotland in 2008.

A bill is being debated in the UK Parliament that many people and organisations fear will repeal the legislation. The responsibility of local authorities to protect vulnerable children.

Consequences of early childhood abuse
Children who have been subjected to past abuse, such as physical and psychological neglect, physical abuse and sexual abuse, are at risk of developing psychiatric problems. Such children are at risk of developing disorganized attachment. Disorganized attachment is associated with a number of developmental problems, including dissociative symptoms, as well as symptoms of depression, anxiety, and acting out.

Reporting Standards
In general, a report should be made when a person knows or has reasonable grounds to believe or suspect that a child has been abused or neglected. These standards guide mandatory rapporteurs in deciding whether to report to child protection services. However, due to the company's policy to protect the reporter's identity, many reports have been made due to conflict with other parents or because of lawsuits against hospitals/doctors of parents concerned about how their children's needs are being met.

Persons responsible for the child
In addition to defining acts or omissions that constitute child abuse or neglect, several state statutes provide specific definitions of persons who can be reported to child protective services as perpetrators of abuse or neglect. These are people who have certain relationships or regular responsibilities for the child. As a rule, these are parents, grandparents, guardians, adoptive parents, relatives, legal guardians or random passers-by. After he was taken from home, the stated goal of CPS is to reunite the child with his family, however, this is mostly in words. In some cases, due to the nature of the cruel treatment, children are unable to see or talk to abusers. Parents will not comply with the terms and conditions prescribed by the court, children under guardianship will never return home. Established by CPS staff, with the intention of delaying the consideration of the case and in such a way that the 15-month deadline can be met.

Child Protective Services statistics
The U.S. Office of Children's Affairs and the U.S. government reported that in 2004, about 3.5 million children were involved in an investigation into alleged U.S. abuse or neglect, while it was determined that about 872,000 children were abused or neglected, and about 1490 children died that year due to abuse or neglect. In 2007, 1760 children died as a result of child abuse and neglect. Abuse of children in vulnerable groups under the age of five accounts for 76% of deaths. In 2008, 8.3 children per 1,000 were victims of child abuse and neglect, and 10.2 children per 1,000 were outside the home.

On September 30, 2010, there were approximately 400,000 children in foster care in the United States. 36% of whom were aged 5 years and younger. During the same period, nearly 120,000 children from birth to five years of age were placed in foster care and just under 100,000 people left foster care. U.S. Child Protective Services (CPS) received just over 2.5 million reports of child abuse in 2009, of which 61.9% were referred for investigation. 7% of these reports were confirmed within a 2-year period. In 2016, CPS routinely expected 2,074 cases of abuse or neglect among children out of 223,956.

Recidivism by Child Protective Services in the U.S.
To understand the recurrence of CPS in the U.S., there are a few terms that readers should familiarize themselves with. Two commonly used terms in CPS recurrence are repeated reporting (also known as re-referral) and repetition. Either of these two events can occur after a report of child abuse or neglect, which is called an index report. Although the definition of repeated reporting and repetition is not consistent, a repeated report is a follow-up report of child abuse or neglect after the initial report (also known as an index report), whereas repetition refers to a confirmed report (also known as an index report). Borrowing the definition used by Pecora et al. (2000) recidivism of the individual defines as "repeated child abuse and neglect". It is important to emphasize that this definition is not exhaustive, as it does not include abused children who are not reported to the authorities.

Recidivism statistics
There are three main sources of data on recidivism in the U.S. — the National Child Abuse and Neglect Data System (NCANDS), the National Survey of Children and Adolescents (NSCAW), and the National Incidence Study (NIS) — and they all have their strengths and weaknesses. NCANDS was founded in 1974, and it is based on administrative data on all reports of alleged child abuse and neglect investigated by CPS. NSCAW was founded in 1996, in that it only includes reports of child abuse and neglect investigated by cps, but general clinical measures related to well-being and families, which the NCANDS lacks. NIS was founded in 1974 and it also consists of data collected from CPS. However, it tries to gather a more complete picture of child abuse and neglect by collecting data from other sources called sentinels.

Criticism
Brenda Scott, in her 1994 book Out of Control: Who Oversees Our Child Protection Agencies, CPS states, "Child Protective Services are out of control. The system as it operates today must be abolished. If children are to be protected in their system, radical new guidelines must be adopted. At the heart of the problem is cps's anti-family mindset. Removal is the first, not the last resort. With insufficient checks and balances, a system designed to protect children has been the culprit of harm. «

Texas
The Department of Family Services and texas have itself entered reports of unusual numbers of poisonings, deaths, rapes and pregnancies in children under its care since 2004. xas The Crisis Management Unit of the Family Protection and Protection Service was established by order following the critical 2004 forgotten children report.

Child Protective Services has been subjected to unhindered rare protections if an invalid legal sanction for the "unwarranted cause of action" Judge Schneider wrote in a 13-page order: "Abusive conduct (CPS) has basically interfered with the lawful essential functions of this court."

2008 raid on YFZ Ranch
In April 2008, the greatest child protection action of American history was triggered, as CPS in Texas removed underage children, infants, and women mistakenly believed to be children from the polygamist community of YFZ Ranch, with the help of heavily armed police with an armored personnel carrier. Investigators, including the warden, convinced the judge that all the children were at risk of child abuse because everyone was being groomed to marry as minors. The state Supreme Court disagreed, returning most of the children to their families. As a result of the investigation, criminal proceedings will be initiated against some men in the community.

Gene Grounds' Department of Victim Assistance praised CPS staff in the Texas operation for showing compassion, professionalism and care. However, the effectiveness of CPS has been questioned by staff at the Hill Country Community Center for Mental Health and Mental Retardation. One wrote, "I have never seen women treated so badly, let alone their civil rights violated in this way," after helping out at a shelter. Others who had previously announced cps terms later submitted unsigned written reports expressing anger that CPS had traumatized children and ignored the rights of mothers who seemed to be good parents of healthy, well-behaved children. CPS threatened to arrest some MHMR workers, and in the second week all mental health support was cut off due to "excessive compassion." Workers believed that poor sanitary conditions at the shelter contributed to the spread of respiratory infections and chickenpox.

Reporting CPS Issues
The Texas Department of Family and Protective Services, like other states, has since 2004 itself reported an unusual number of poisonings, deaths, rapes, and pregnancies in children in its care. The Texas Family and Protective Services Crisis Management Unit was created by presidential decree following the 2004 Forgotten Children crisis. Texas controller Carol Keaton Strayhorn in 2006 made a statement about the foster care system in Texas. In fiscal years 2003, 2004 and 2005, respectively, 30, 38 and 48 foster children died in State care. The number of foster children increased by 24 percent to 32,474 in fiscal year 2005, while deaths increased by 60 percent. Compared to the general population, a child is four times more likely to die in The Texas Foster Care System. In 2004, about 100 children had been treated for drug poisoning; Of these, 63 received treatment for rape that occurred while in state care, including four-year-old twin boys, and 142 gave birth, although others believe that Ms. Strayhorn's report has not been subjected to scientific research and that major reforms are needed to make sure that children in state care receive less attention than children at risk in their families.

Disproportionalities and inequalities in the child protection system
Indicators show that in the U.S., a disproportionate number of minority children, especially African Americans and children mentioning, are part of foster care. National data for the U.S. suggest that disproportionality can change throughout the period of a child's participation in the child's system. Varying levels of disproportionality occur in key decision-making cases, including reporting abuse, justifying abuse, and foster care. It is also shown by studies that once they enter foster care. Studies have shown that there are no differences among the representatives of the Caucasoid race that would show inequality. The juvenile justice system has also faced disproportionate negative contact with minority children. Because of the overlap in these systems, it is likely that this phenomenon in some systems may be related.

Constitutional issues
In May 2007, the U.S. Court of Appeals for the 9th Circuit ruled that in Rogers v. San Joaquin County, No. 05-16071, a CPS social worker who removed children from their real parents who had been placed in foster care without a court order had acted without due process and had unduely (extraordinary circumstances) violated the 14th Amendment and Section 42 of the United States Code. Section 1983. The Fourteenth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution states that a state may not enact restricting "... privileges or person immunities of Citizens of the United States," and no state may "deprive any life, liberty, or property without due process of law; Section 42 of the 1983 United States Code states that citizens of a person to file lawsuits in federal courts against any person who acts in accordance with color, any person may be under his jurisdiction under his jurisdiction of law to deprive citizens of their civil rights under the pretext of an order. See paras.

In Santosky v. Kramer, 455 US 745 (1982), The Supreme Court considered a case When the Department of Human Services removed the two youngest children from their real parents only because they had previously been found to be dismissive of the eldest daughter., when the third child was only three days old, DSS transferred him to foster care on the grounds that it was necessary to remove him immediately to avoid imminent danger to his life or health. The legal procedure requires that the State substantiate its allegations with at least clear and convincing evidence. But until the state proves parental unsuitability, the child and his parents have a vested interest in preventing the erroneous termination of the natural relationship."

The Circuit of Columbia Court of Appeals concluded that the trial court was wrong to reject the relative custody order chosen by the birth mother, who was trying to maintain her relationship with the child. The previous decision granting the adoptive mother's application was reversed, the case referred to the court of first instance to set aside the adoption and denial of custody orders, and the order to grant custody of the child's relative.

Notable lawsuits
In 2010, a former adopted child received $30 million in a jury in California (Santa Clara County) for sexual abuse caused to him in foster care from 1995 to 1999; he was represented by attorney Stephen John Esty. The adoptive parent, John Jackson, received a license from the state, despite the fact He abused his own wife and son, took a drug overdose and was arrested for drunk driving. In 2006, Jackson was convicted in Santa Clara County on nine counts of indecent or lustful acts against a child with the use of force, violence, coercion, threat and fear, as well as seven counts of indecent or lustful acts against a child under the age of 14. District Attorney's Office. The sexual acts he forced children from his foster families to commit sent him to prison for 220 years. Later in 2010, the Jarretto Institute, the private foster care agency responsible for licensing and overseeing the foster families of Jackson and others, were also found guilty of negligence and responsible for 75 percent of the victim's abuse, with Jackson responsible for everything else. It's a banner case that has since set a precedent for future lawsuits against the Department of Children and Family Affairs.

In 2009, the Oregon Department of Human Services agreed to contribute $2 million to the fund. for the future care of twins who have allegedly been abused by their adoptive parents; it was the largest such village in the agency's history. According to a civil rights lawsuit filed at the request of the twins' adoptive mother in December 2007 in a federal court, the children were kept in makeshift cages — cribs covered with wire mesh, secured with duct tape — in a darkened bedroom known as a "dungeon." The brother and sister were often left without food, water and human touch. The boy, who was injected with a liquid drain shunt at birth, did not receive medical attention, so when the police rescued the twins, he was almost in a coma. That same foster family had previously taken care of hundreds of other children for nearly four decades. DHS can help itself with this.

In 2008, several lawsuits were filed against the Florida Department of Children and Family Affairs (DCF), accusing it of mishandling reports that 79-year-old Thomas Ferrara, a foster parent, molested girls. The lawsuits alleged that while there were records of sexual harassment allegations against Ferrara in 1992, 1996 and 1999, the DCF continued to place adopted children with Ferrara and his then-wife until 2000. Ferrara was arrested in 2001 after a 9-year hiatus. The old girl told detectives that he regularly molested her for more than two years and threatened to hurt her mother if she told anyone. Records show that Ferrara has about 400 children who passed through his home during his 16 years as a licensed foster parent from 1984 to 2000. Officials said they ended up costing DCF nearly $2.26 million. Similarly, in 2007, florida's DCF paid $1.2 million to treat a lawsuit alleging that DCF ignored complaints about another mentally ill girl, Immokalee, raped by his adoptive father, Bonifacio Velasquez, before the age of 15. gave birth to a child.

As part of the class action, Charlie and Nadine H. against McGreevey was filed in federal court by Children's Rights of New York on behalf of children in the care of the New Jersey Youth and Family Administration (DYFS). The complaint alleged violations of children's constitutional rights and their rights under section IV-E of the Social Rating Act, the Child Abuse Prevention and Treatment Act, early periodic examination and examination. treatment, 504 of the Rehabilitation Act, the Americans with Disabilities Act, and the Multinational Placement Act (MEPA). In July 2002, the Federal Court granted the plaintiff's experts access to the case file of 500 children, who provided the plaintiffs with information about the harm caused to children in foster families through the analysis of the case file. These files are forced treatment of foster children. June 9, 2004 appointed commission on child protection - New Jersey State Plan. The Court adopted the plan on 17 June 2004. As a result, the same organization has filed similar defenses in recent years against other states, prompting some states to initiate reforms of the children's system.

In 2007, Dina Fogarty-Hardwicke received a jury. a conviction against Orange County, California, and two of its social workers for violating her rights to family intercourse under the Fourteenth Amendment. The $4.9 million sentence rose to $9.5 million because he lost from successive appeals. The case finally ended in 2011, when the U.S. Supreme Court rejected Orange County's motion to overturn the conviction. During the appeal process, defense attorneys argued that social workers had the right to fabricate evidence and lie to the court to violate the child's removal of her child. This case, which came to be called the "right to lie" case, became a precedent for how social workers can conduct the cases that are assigned to them. The defense categorically argued that social workers should be allowed to invent things to influence the judges' decision to take the child away from his/her suitable parents. The lawyer even tried to justify the right of social workers to lie, saying that the laws governing perjury are "state laws."

California
In April 2013, Child Protective Services in Sacramento sent police to forcibly remove a five-month-old baby from parental care.

Alex and Anna Nikolaev picked up their baby Sammy from Sutter Memorial Hospital and sought help from rival Kaiser Permanente doctor for a different opinion on Sammy's flu symptoms. Police arrived at kaiser's house and questioned the couple and doctors. After Sammy was allowed to leave the hospital, the couple went home, but the next day the police arrived and took Sammy away. On June 25, 2013, the case against the family was dismissed and the family filed a lawsuit against CPS and the Sacramento Police Department.

In Stockton, California, two children were taken away from Wook. and Verika Nastić in June 2010 after nude photographs of children were found on her father's computer. Such photographs are common in Serbian culture. Moreover, parents claim that their ethnic and religious rights are violated - children are not allowed to speak Serbian and meet with parents on Orthodox Christmas. They could only see their mother once a week. The children suffered psychological trauma due to separation from their parents. A polygraph test showed that the use did not abuse children. A trial is set for Jan. 26. Psychologists from Serbia said that a few hours of talking with children is enough to see if they have been abused. The children were taken from the family 7 months ago. The FBI has opened an investigation into CPS. In February 2011, the children were reunited with their parents.

Illinois
The Child and Family Support Service plays a role in educating children and families in improving society. Under the Illinois Child Abuse, Abuse and Neglected Children Act, the Department of Children and Family Services is responsible for maintaining the health and safety of the child in circumstances where children are abused and neglected. Especially protective assistance to the child to maintain the mental health and psychological state of the child; which includes the preservation of family life whenever possible. Unfortunately, in the most extreme cases, child abuse leads to death. In 2016, Illinois reported 64 child deaths from abuse – 2.19 cases per 100,000 children (DHHS US, 2018). From 2012 to 2016, illinois recorded 105 abuse-related deaths annually, a total of 64, with an annual decline since 2014.

Family Social Worker
Once upon a time, a teacher, a counselor, a neighbor or any passer-by calls the child protection service. social workers begin an investigation. Social workers are required to visit clients in their homes to prove that children are in good condition. Social workers are responsible for assessing and testing academic behavioral or social issues that may affect children's development. The social worker will continue to visit them until the children and family become stable and there are no more signs of abuse or neglect. In the event that the situation does not improve, a social worker can assist the child in the foster care system until the parents or guardians pass the test to be able to return the child.

Criminals
The National Child Abuse and Neglect Data System (NCANDS) collects and analyzes all verified referrals from child protection services from all 50 states. According to NCANDS data for 2018, in Illinois, 17,431 out of 18,958 offenders, or 77% are parents of their victims, 6.4 percent are relatives and 4.6 percent had other relationships with the child. Of these figures, 40 per cent have been abused and ignored by a single mother and 21.5 per cent by fathers acting alone. Compared to Wisconsin, where 2502 out of 2753 offenders are parents of victims. Alcohol and drug abuse has been identified as major risk factors that increase child abuse. There is evidence of an increase in the number of victims if parents use drugs or alcohol.

Responsibilities of the Child Protection and Case Service
Child protection services are made up of social workers, positions that provide families and children in difficult situations involving abuse and neglect. The National Social Media Association sets standards for social workers in the areas of family support, parent programs, and family services. In accordance with the standard of social work, they should act in accordance with social justice, respect for the person. In addition, the standard emphasizes the importance of what a social worker should have as a protective physical and mental health of children, young people and their families. Moreover, military measures must be able to carry out ongoing security.

Over the years, however, social workers have struggled with resource scarcity, large numbers, and poor education. Social workers should conduct screening, research, and identify alternative responses. Some social workers may need additional services depending on the number of employees in their agencies and resources. In 2018, NCANDS reported that there are only 150 workers in Illinois who conduct child abuse and neglect screenings, and only 953 workers who monitor reports. This is about the fact that social workers of the child welfare service face difficulties in their daily duties. Compared to Michigan, where 177 workers are screening for child abuse and 1549 workers are monitoring the reports.

In addition to problems related to lack of resources and a large number of cases, the Office of the Inspector General has identified problems that impede the effective delivery of services. Among the individual professional problems associated with cognitive fixation are the lack of knowledge and the burden of documentation. Among the groups of social workers, coordination and supervision of problems. And environmental conditions such as policies, training and a set of services can also be inadequate. According to the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, social workers working with individual and family services had an average salary of $42,972 in 2018, which can be considered a negligible amount compared to the amount of work required of social providers. An example of a manifiable effort is the Annie E. Casey Foundation's Social Services Personnel Initiative (AECF). The initiative aims to recruit and retain professional workers who have been trained and supported to provide an effective resource for children and their families. Governments are forging various partnerships with colleges and universities to obtain hiring strategies that could engage students in social work careers.