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Do carbon taxes reduce emissions?Do Carbon Taxes Reduce Emissions? The argument usually arrives disguised as arithmetic. A legislator holds up a chart, a pundit cites a gasoline price, an economist sketches a tidy curve on television. Carbon taxes, we are told, work because people respond to prices. Raise the cost of pollution and pollution declines. Elegant. Mechanical. Almost Newtonian. But carbon is not emitted by...0 Комментарии 0 Поделились 442 Просмотры 0 предпросмотр
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How do governments reduce pollution?How Do Governments Reduce Pollution? A river does not argue. It carries the memory of a civilization in silence. Stand beside the lower stretch of the Cuyahoga River in the late 1960s and you would have smelled varnish, gasoline, sulfur, rot. The water itself could ignite. It did ignite. Flames climbed from the river’s surface like a deranged industrial miracle, and the photographs...0 Комментарии 0 Поделились 482 Просмотры 0 предпросмотр
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How does carbon pricing work?How Does Carbon Pricing Work? There is a habit in economics, especially in rooms with polished tables and filtered air, to speak about carbon as though it were an abstraction. A metric. A unit. A derivative of energy consumption. Yet carbon dioxide is physical. It leaves a tailpipe warm. It rises from a smokestack with the invisible confidence of empire. It lingers in oceans that absorb heat...0 Комментарии 0 Поделились 467 Просмотры 0 предпросмотр
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What is a carbon tax?What Is a Carbon Tax? A refinery in Texas exhales more carbon dioxide before dawn than a forest can absorb in months. A container ship crossing the Pacific burns bunker fuel so dense and sulfurous that, if poured into a stream, it would resemble an industrial crime scene. Yet the invoice for this damage rarely arrives. The atmosphere receives the bill. Future generations inherit the debt....0 Комментарии 0 Поделились 505 Просмотры 0 предпросмотр
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What is cap-and-trade?What Is Cap-and-Trade? There is a moment that arrives in certain industrial cities just before dawn when the air becomes visible. Not fog. Not weather. A chemistry of exhaust, sulfur, nitrates, carbon, and microscopic particulates suspended low enough to taste. I remember standing near the ship channel outside Houston years ago while a refinery exhaled steam against a bruised sky. A worker...0 Комментарии 0 Поделились 549 Просмотры 0 предпросмотр
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What is environmental economics?What Is Environmental Economics? There is a peculiar arrogance in modern economics. It assumes that if a thing cannot be priced, it either does not matter or will somehow correct itself through the mystical operations of “the market.” A forest becomes lumber inventory. A river becomes industrial input. A fishery becomes a quarterly earnings report waiting to happen. And when the...0 Комментарии 0 Поделились 2Кб Просмотры 0 предпросмотр