Psychosis: Negative Symptoms [2]

0
10K

Psychosis is associated with ventral striatal (VS) which is the part of the brain that is involved with the desire to naturally satisfy the body's needs. When high reports of negative symptoms were recorded, there were significant irregularities in the left VS. Anhedonia, the inability to feel pleasure, is a commonly reported symptom in psychosis; experiences are present in most people with schizophrenia. Anhedonia arises as a result of the inability to feel motivation and drive towards both the desire to engage in as well as to complete tasks and goals. Previous research has indicated that a deficiency in the neural representation in regards to goals and the motivation to achieve them, has demonstrated that when a reward is not present, a strong reaction is noted in the ventral striatum; reinforcement learning is intact when contingencies about stimulus-reward are implicit, but not when they require explicit neural processing; reward prediction errors are what the actual reward is versus what the reward was predicted to be. In most cases positive prediction errors are considered an abnormal occurrence. A positive prediction error response occurs when there is an increased activation in a brain region, typically the striatum, in response to unexpected rewards. A negative prediction error response occurs when there is a decreased activation in a region when predicted rewards do not occur. Anterior Cingulate Cortex (ACC) response, taken as an indicator of effort allocation, does not increase with reward or reward probability increase, and is associated with negative symptoms; deficits in Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex (dlPFC) activity and failure to improve performance on cognitive tasks when offered monetary incentives are present; and dopamine mediated functions are abnormal.

Pesquisar
Categorias
Leia Mais
Philosophy
What is philosophy?
Life, science and culture in general require from us and, above all, from young people,...
Por FWhoop Xelqua 2023-01-12 15:20:55 0 19K
Business
What Role Does Leadership Play in Business Ethics?
In any organization, leadership plays a pivotal role in shaping the ethical climate. Business...
Por Dacey Rankins 2025-01-31 15:34:49 0 15K
Middle East
Why there is a lot of oil in the Middle East, geologists can answer
Why there is a lot of oil in the Middle East, geologists can answerThe Middle East is a region...
Por FWhoop Xelqua 2023-04-02 19:18:10 0 34K
Crime
Understanding Crime: Exploring Causes, Consequences, and Paths to Prevention
Understanding Crime: Exploring Causes, Consequences, and Paths to Prevention Introduction:Crime...
Por Leonard Pokrovski 2024-06-06 21:25:12 0 20K
Personal Finance
Personal Finance: A Guide to Financial Health and Empowerment
Personal finance is a vital aspect of everyday life, encompassing the management of money,...
Por Dacey Rankins 2024-10-17 19:57:02 0 28K

BigMoney.VIP Powered by Hosting Pokrov