Psychosis: Negative Symptoms [2]

0
10χλμ.

Psychosis is associated with ventral striatal (VS) which is the part of the brain that is involved with the desire to naturally satisfy the body's needs. When high reports of negative symptoms were recorded, there were significant irregularities in the left VS. Anhedonia, the inability to feel pleasure, is a commonly reported symptom in psychosis; experiences are present in most people with schizophrenia. Anhedonia arises as a result of the inability to feel motivation and drive towards both the desire to engage in as well as to complete tasks and goals. Previous research has indicated that a deficiency in the neural representation in regards to goals and the motivation to achieve them, has demonstrated that when a reward is not present, a strong reaction is noted in the ventral striatum; reinforcement learning is intact when contingencies about stimulus-reward are implicit, but not when they require explicit neural processing; reward prediction errors are what the actual reward is versus what the reward was predicted to be. In most cases positive prediction errors are considered an abnormal occurrence. A positive prediction error response occurs when there is an increased activation in a brain region, typically the striatum, in response to unexpected rewards. A negative prediction error response occurs when there is a decreased activation in a region when predicted rewards do not occur. Anterior Cingulate Cortex (ACC) response, taken as an indicator of effort allocation, does not increase with reward or reward probability increase, and is associated with negative symptoms; deficits in Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex (dlPFC) activity and failure to improve performance on cognitive tasks when offered monetary incentives are present; and dopamine mediated functions are abnormal.

Αναζήτηση
Κατηγορίες
Διαβάζω περισσότερα
Ιστορίες
A Brief History of Computers: From Early Calculators to Modern Innovation
The history of computers is a tale of remarkable progress, driven by the desire to solve...
από Dacey Rankins 2024-12-10 14:25:05 0 9χλμ.
Financial Services
Market equilibrium, disequilibrium, and changes in equilibrium
In a competitive market, demand for and supply of a good or service determine the...
από Mark Lorenzo 2023-03-02 21:46:09 0 12χλμ.
Business
What Are the Best Startup Accelerators or Incubators?
Startup accelerators and incubators are crucial for early-stage companies looking to scale...
από Dacey Rankins 2025-04-08 14:22:19 0 7χλμ.
Financial Services
How rising or falling interest rates might affect you
When the Federal Reserve raises or lowers its target interest rate, the change affects...
από Mark Lorenzo 2023-05-22 20:01:55 0 16χλμ.
Социальные проблемы
Новый порядок. New Order. (2020)
Роскошная свадьба представителей высшего класса прерывается явлением непрошенных гостей - в...
από Nikolai Pokryshkin 2022-10-08 20:37:42 0 26χλμ.

BigMoney.VIP Powered by Hosting Pokrov