Psychosis: Negative Symptoms [2]

0
6K

Psychosis is associated with ventral striatal (VS) which is the part of the brain that is involved with the desire to naturally satisfy the body's needs. When high reports of negative symptoms were recorded, there were significant irregularities in the left VS. Anhedonia, the inability to feel pleasure, is a commonly reported symptom in psychosis; experiences are present in most people with schizophrenia. Anhedonia arises as a result of the inability to feel motivation and drive towards both the desire to engage in as well as to complete tasks and goals. Previous research has indicated that a deficiency in the neural representation in regards to goals and the motivation to achieve them, has demonstrated that when a reward is not present, a strong reaction is noted in the ventral striatum; reinforcement learning is intact when contingencies about stimulus-reward are implicit, but not when they require explicit neural processing; reward prediction errors are what the actual reward is versus what the reward was predicted to be. In most cases positive prediction errors are considered an abnormal occurrence. A positive prediction error response occurs when there is an increased activation in a brain region, typically the striatum, in response to unexpected rewards. A negative prediction error response occurs when there is a decreased activation in a region when predicted rewards do not occur. Anterior Cingulate Cortex (ACC) response, taken as an indicator of effort allocation, does not increase with reward or reward probability increase, and is associated with negative symptoms; deficits in Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex (dlPFC) activity and failure to improve performance on cognitive tasks when offered monetary incentives are present; and dopamine mediated functions are abnormal.

Zoeken
Categorieën
Read More
Ужасы
Дальний космос. Stowaway (2021)
Экипаж космического корабля, направляющегося на Марс, обнаруживает на борту случайного пассажира...
By Nikolai Pokryshkin 2022-09-18 22:13:39 0 55K
Programming
Python While Loops
While loops can be ran as long as the condition is True. Otherwise, it'll be skipped. A variable...
By Jesse Thomas 2023-03-09 21:24:28 0 6K
Wholesale Trade
Understanding Wholesale Trade: Key Insights and Its Role in the Economy
Wholesale trade is a fundamental part of the global supply chain and plays a pivotal role in the...
By Dacey Rankins 2024-11-25 14:14:38 0 4K
Programming
JavaScript JSON.stringify()
A common use of JSON is to exchange data to/from a web server. When sending data to a web...
By Jesse Thomas 2023-05-10 22:18:01 0 6K
Financial Services
Price Ceilings and Price Floors
Key points Price ceilings prevent a price from rising above a certain level....
By Mark Lorenzo 2023-01-30 14:40:25 0 7K
image/svg+xml


BigMoney.VIP Powered by Hosting Pokrov