Psychosis: Negative Symptoms [2]

0
6كيلو بايت

Psychosis is associated with ventral striatal (VS) which is the part of the brain that is involved with the desire to naturally satisfy the body's needs. When high reports of negative symptoms were recorded, there were significant irregularities in the left VS. Anhedonia, the inability to feel pleasure, is a commonly reported symptom in psychosis; experiences are present in most people with schizophrenia. Anhedonia arises as a result of the inability to feel motivation and drive towards both the desire to engage in as well as to complete tasks and goals. Previous research has indicated that a deficiency in the neural representation in regards to goals and the motivation to achieve them, has demonstrated that when a reward is not present, a strong reaction is noted in the ventral striatum; reinforcement learning is intact when contingencies about stimulus-reward are implicit, but not when they require explicit neural processing; reward prediction errors are what the actual reward is versus what the reward was predicted to be. In most cases positive prediction errors are considered an abnormal occurrence. A positive prediction error response occurs when there is an increased activation in a brain region, typically the striatum, in response to unexpected rewards. A negative prediction error response occurs when there is a decreased activation in a region when predicted rewards do not occur. Anterior Cingulate Cortex (ACC) response, taken as an indicator of effort allocation, does not increase with reward or reward probability increase, and is associated with negative symptoms; deficits in Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex (dlPFC) activity and failure to improve performance on cognitive tasks when offered monetary incentives are present; and dopamine mediated functions are abnormal.

البحث
الأقسام
إقرأ المزيد
Environment
Hammerhead Sharks
The hammerhead sharks are a group of sharks that form the family Sphyrnidae, so named for the...
بواسطة FWhoop Xelqua 2023-04-25 18:37:58 0 13كيلو بايت
Programming
JavaScript Built-in Methods
What are built-in methods? A JavaScript method is a property containing...
بواسطة Jesse Thomas 2023-05-30 22:07:31 0 7كيلو بايت
Biotechnology and Pharmaceuticals
BIOTECHNOLOGY AND PHARMACEUTICALS: WHAT'S THE DIFFERENCE?
Both biotechnology and pharmaceutical companies produce drugs, but drugs produced by...
بواسطة FWhoop Xelqua 2022-11-29 14:11:32 0 16كيلو بايت
Transportation and Logistics
Understanding Transportation and Logistics: The Backbone of Global Trade
Transportation and logistics are two closely intertwined sectors that are essential for the...
بواسطة Dacey Rankins 2024-11-25 14:21:22 0 4كيلو بايت
Телевидение
12 Омское областное телевидение. Прямой эфир.
12 канал — единственная региональная телекомпания, осуществляющая собственное...
بواسطة Nikolai Pokryshkin 2022-10-07 18:24:16 0 30كيلو بايت
image/svg+xml


BigMoney.VIP Powered by Hosting Pokrov